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"They were hanging out together.I think they were probably lovers. Pacioli's encyclopedia had a section on the mathematics of perspective painting which fascinated da Vinci. One of the first readers was Leonardo da Vinci, who at the time was painting The Last Supper. Thanks to the newly invented printing press, his book was mass produced and became a big hit. In 1494, he wrote a huge math encyclopedia and included an instructional section on double-entry bookkeeping. He discovered this special bookkeeping in Venice and was intrigued by it. Luca Pacioli was a monk, magician and lover of numbers. She explains how significant this new accounting was:Ī page from Pacioli's math encyclopedia, Summa de Arithmetica, Geometria, Proportioni et Proportionalita. Jane Gleeson-White wrote the new book Double Entry: How the Merchants of Venice Created Modern Finance. This innovation allowed merchants to see every aspect of their business in neat little rows. You would also write in that the amount of pepper you had went down by three gold coins' worth.īefore double-entry, people just kept diaries and counted their money at the end of the day. If one day you sold three gold coins' worth of pepper, you would write that the amount of cash you had went up by three gold coins. This is how it works:Įvery transaction gets entered twice in financial records. (Try adding MCVI to XCIV.)īut fortunately, Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.) started catching on, and with those numbers, merchants in Venice developed a revolutionary system we now call "double-entry" bookkeeping. In the 1400s, much of Europe was still using Roman numerals, and finding it really hard to easily add or subtract. The story of the birth of accounting begins with numbers.


(Nobody knows who the guy on the right is.)
